桂林理工大學2020年碩士研究生入學考試試題 （A）
考試科目代碼：357
考試科目名稱：英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)
（總分150分，三小時答完）
考生注意：1．請將答題寫在答卷紙上，寫在試卷上視為無效。
一 、短語翻譯（每小題1分，共20分）
A．把下列詞組翻譯成漢語。
1.burn the middle night oil
2. black tea
3. build a fire
4. heavy schedule
5. beyond description
6.to pull up one’s socks
7.tourist industry
8. ASEAN
9.foreignizing translation
10.an emergency exit
B．把下列詞組翻譯成英語。
11.高貴的血統(tǒng)
12.多如牛毛
13.多邊合作
14.輕音樂
15.三心二意
16.合資企業(yè)
17.《論語》
18.譯后編輯
19.計算機輔助翻譯
20.實體經(jīng)濟
二、句子翻譯（每小題3分，共30分）
A．把下列句子翻譯成漢語。
1. This country was recovering its true self, drawing lessons both from its own mistakes and from its enemies.
2. Will the Chinese cower before difficulties when they are not afraid even of death? The people fear not death, why threaten them with it?
3. As relations between China and Australia develop, the continuing importance of expanding trade will be balanced by the development of close contact over a broad of political issues.
4. Above all, China challenges all of us to be true to ourselves--- to build our new societies, not on alien forms borrowed indiscriminately, but on our own unique historical experiences and cultural identities.
5. The situation cannot be otherwise because our friendship and cooperation are based on our common sincere adherence to the five principles of peaceful co-existence.
B．把下列句子翻譯成英語。
6. 如星似螢的漁火，形成了兩江四湖獨特的風景。
7. 這個酒店能接待300多個旅客。
8. 以上事實說明中國出口商品越來越受國外顧客的青睞。
9. 一道陽光照耀在山巔之上，游客們高興得跳了起來，都為這一壯觀的景色而喝彩不休。
10. 從桂林坐旅游車向東南方向走大約兩個小時左右可以到達一個叫陽朔的旅游勝地。
三、英譯漢（每小題25分，共50分）
1．China is much less a political entity than a civilization --- the only one that has survived from ancient times. Since the days of Confucius, the Egyptian, Babylonian, Persian Macedonian, and Roman empires have perished; but China has persisted through a continuous evolution. There have been foreign influences --- first Buddhism, and now Western science. But Buddhism did not turn the Chinese into Indians and Western science will not turn them into Europeans. I have met men in China who knew as much of Western learning as any professor among ourselves; yet they had not been thrown off their balance, or lost touch with their own people. What is bad in the West --- its brutality, its restlessness, its readiness to oppress the weak, its preoccupation with purely material aims --- they see to be bad, and do not wish to adopt. What is good, especially its science, they do wish to adopt.
2．The Scientific Attitude
What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, chemistry or any other science?
We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first of these is the application of the machines and products that scientists and technologists develop new drugs, faster and safer means of transport, new systems of applied knowledge are some examples of this aspect of science. The second aspect is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.
What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity --- he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions whether of pure or applied knowledge, and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.
He is a good observer and applies logical thought to the observations he makes. He utilizes the facts he observes to the fullest extent.
He is skeptical --- he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available --- and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth. Furthermore, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own. Since he knows that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.
Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place
These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.
四、漢譯英（每小題25分，共50分）
1. 對于久居在一個城市的人，放下經(jīng)年經(jīng)月循環(huán)往復的工作，帶上家人，或約三兩好友，到百里千里之外的地方走走看看，總是最有吸引力的選擇。況且，又逢秋高氣爽的季節(jié)，每年國慶長假讓人心馳神往的，就是——去外地，游山水。
不過在這樣的旅游旺季出門難免會碰到諸如車票、機票難買、住宿緊張或票價上漲、熱門景點人山人海等問題，讓你有遭遇“人災”的煩惱。所以，選定方向和地點，提前作好各種準備，是保證出游好心情的關(guān)鍵。
2.科幻作家早就開始夢想建造一種太空電梯---一座22000英里高的升降機,以使人們能像日常乘坐電梯那樣徐徐登入軌道。美國國家航空航天局馬歇爾（Marshall）航天飛行中心的戴維•史密瑟曼（David Smitherman）基至概述了如何開發(fā)這樣一種裝置。但是他也承認實施該計劃至少得過一個世紀。就目前而言,攀越地球重力井最陡峭的壁段的唯一可行的方法是使用化學燃料火箭。然而,一旦飛出了地球引力大氣層,所希望的緩速飛行便成為可能,因為即便是很小的加速度,在保持足夠長的時間之后也會產(chǎn)生出極快的速度。且想想龜兔賽跑吧。
去年12月18日,美國宇航局發(fā)射的“深空1號”（Deep Space 1）航天器,在經(jīng)過了三年的太空旅行后關(guān)閉了引撃。它向人們展示了太空緩速飛行的優(yōu)越性。在常規(guī)發(fā)射之后,“深空1號”啟動了其顯然異乎尋常的離子發(fā)動機（ion engine）。探測器上的太陽能電池板產(chǎn)生的電流加快了機上氙氣（xenon gas）的供給速度,并將產(chǎn)生的離子以每小時7000里的速度從尾部射出去。該發(fā)動機所產(chǎn)生的推進力很微弱,僅相當于掌上兩三張紙的分量,但它噴射了16000小時。“深空1號”最終獲得了每小時7900英里的超速,使其能夠沿著環(huán)行探索路線經(jīng)過布菜葉小行星（Braille）和博雷利（Borrelly）彗星。美國國家航空航天局目前正在研制功率更強大的下一代離子發(fā)動機。
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原文標題：2020年考研真題
原文鏈接：https://yjsy.glut.edu.cn/info/1189/4400.htm
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