在11月末到12月中旬期間，英語(yǔ)寫作大家需掌握“研習(xí)、仿寫”的黃金復(fù)習(xí)法則。
一、研習(xí)
研習(xí)主要側(cè)重兩個(gè)方面，包括文章章法和語(yǔ)言表達(dá)。文章章法指文章的行文思路、布局謀篇、結(jié)構(gòu)安排、邏輯順序。許多考研學(xué)子面對(duì)一個(gè)話題，可能存在兩種不同的困惑，一是下筆千言，但離題萬(wàn)里;二是思緒萬(wàn)千，卻無(wú)從落筆。所謂研習(xí)，需要有獨(dú)立思考和個(gè)人的判斷，本著“他山之石，可以攻玉”的精神，汲取文章的精華部分加以研究。下面就一篇文章給大家進(jìn)行以下研習(xí)的練習(xí)。
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and
3) give your comments.
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
【高分范文】
Water used to be mistaken to be an unlimited and renewable resource. Actually, water resource is very limited and precious. It is fortunate that now the public is starting to pay attention①. Just as is depicted in the picture, just like saving money, the lovely and smiling piggy bank is collecting every drop of water falling from the water tap.
However, water shortage is still a serious problem threatening the existence and survival of the whole human being, and yet the phenomenon of wasting water can still easily be found anywhere in our daily life②. For example, water taps are frequently left on by careless users. Someone even assumes that they have the right to waste water because they pay for it so that it has nothing to do with others. In fact, so precious is water that we cannot afford to waste it③. Water resource is indispensable④ not only in our daily life but also in the industry and agriculture. And water is the wealth of the whole mankind, and it is hard to imagine what the world would be like⑤ when there is no more water.
Even though an increasing number of people have become aware of⑥ this emergency, further measures still need to be taken. On the macro level, the whole world should make a joint effort to fight against waste of water. On the micro level, publicizing activities, such as broadcasting wonderful ways on how to save water on TV and other media, should be conducted. To store water means to store happiness and only by saving water can we save a better life for our offspring.
【佳作翻譯】
水資源一度被誤認(rèn)為是一種無(wú)限的可再生資源，實(shí)際上，水資源是非常有限且寶貴的。 有幸的是現(xiàn)在公眾開始關(guān)注這一問(wèn)題了。如圖所示，一只可愛的快樂(lè)小豬存錢罐積攢著水龍 頭里流出的每一滴水，就像存錢一樣。
然而，水資源短缺問(wèn)題仍然威脅著全人類的生存和發(fā)展。浪費(fèi)水的現(xiàn)象在日常生活中仍然隨處可見。例如，經(jīng)常有粗心大意者忘記關(guān)水龍頭。更有甚者認(rèn)為自己繳了水費(fèi)就有權(quán)浪費(fèi)，與他人無(wú)關(guān)。事實(shí)上，水資源不僅在生活中必不可少，在工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中也是不可或缺的。 水資源是全人類共同的財(cái)富，很難想象當(dāng)沒有水的時(shí)候世界會(huì)是什么樣子。
雖然越來(lái)越多的人已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到了這種緊迫性，但是仍然要采取進(jìn)一步的措施。從宏觀層 面上講，全世界應(yīng)該共同努力反對(duì)浪費(fèi)水。從微觀層面上講，要進(jìn)行廣泛的宣傳活動(dòng)。比如 在電視臺(tái)播出關(guān)于如何節(jié)水的節(jié)目。節(jié)約用水就是存儲(chǔ)幸福，只有節(jié)約用水才能為子孫后代 存儲(chǔ)更好的生活。
【佳作研習(xí)】
① It is fortunate that now the public is starting to pay attention: 來(lái)自于 2005 年閱讀真題，原句是這樣的：Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention。歷年真題是一座巨大的寶庫(kù)，廣大考生一定要學(xué)會(huì)充分利用這寶貴的資源!
② 第二段開頭，用了一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折詞，也就是“起承轉(zhuǎn)合”中的所謂的“轉(zhuǎn)”，把這篇作文改造成了一篇社會(huì)問(wèn)題型作文，也就是大家最擅長(zhǎng)寫的作文。
③ In fact, so precious is water that we cannot afford to waste it: 倒裝句， 表語(yǔ)提前，句子倒裝。
倒裝句寫法：
第一步：寫正常原句：Water is so precious that we cannot afford to waste it。
第二步：表語(yǔ) precious 提前。
第三步：主謂倒置，變成 So precious is water that we cannot afford to waste it。 普通的 so…that…句型，也能被化腐朽為神奇，成為鉆石加分句型!
④ indispensable: 不可或缺的，替換 important 的一個(gè)很好的詞匯。
順便講一個(gè)英譯漢的技巧：大家可以看到，在譯文中，這句話被翻譯兩次：必不可少、 不可或缺。 因?yàn)樵闹谐霈F(xiàn)了：not only…but also，所以這個(gè)單詞被拆開翻譯成了兩個(gè)近義詞， 以使行文更加通順。
⑤ what the world would be like：注意賓語(yǔ)從句必須用陳述語(yǔ)序。
⑥ become aware of: 意識(shí)到。意思和用法都等同于 be conscious of。后邊接詞語(yǔ)。
二、仿寫
當(dāng)我們對(duì)上面這篇文章經(jīng)過(guò)了認(rèn)真的研習(xí)之后，在自己寫文章時(shí)，應(yīng)有意識(shí)地調(diào)用以前的積累，正向遷移，融入自己的寫作，包括語(yǔ)言表達(dá)、文章章法、寫作技巧等，最終達(dá)到學(xué)以致用的目的。包括大家生活中見到優(yōu)秀的表達(dá)，比如：Not that I loved Caesar less， but that I loved Rome more. (不是我愛凱撒淺，而是我愛羅馬深。)這樣的經(jīng)典名句，當(dāng)寫作有關(guān)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的文章時(shí)不妨模仿這個(gè)句式： Not that we can’t master English， but that we have not been willing to take pains.(不是我們不能掌握英語(yǔ)，而是我們不愿付出努力。) 模仿與借鑒為寫作所必須。
總之，Good writing favors the prepared mind.(好的寫作總是照顧那些有準(zhǔn)備的人)。
